KangGary's

Lesson 9 with Kasey (Writing/Reading Hangul)

안녕하세요 여러분! Wow!! It’s been some time since I last wrote any Korean lessons. Please forgive me as i’ve been mad busy during this period of time. I’ll still be busy until maybe around April? That’s when i’ll start coming back for lessons.

Alright! Today i’m going to write a REALLY SHORT lesson as i’ve received a request from anonymous to write a lesson about Gary’s tagline, “슴돠(seum-dwa)”.

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Firstly, there are 2 types of common sentence endings. They are “입니다(im-ni-da)” and “습니다(seum-ni-da)”.

The word “슴돠(seum-dwa)” derives from the sentence ending “습니다(seum-ni-da)”.

Example 1:

• 반갑습니다 (bang-gap-seum-ni-da) -> Nice to meet you (formal and polite form)
• If we read it in Gary’s way of saying it, which is a little faster in terms of pronunciation speed, it will be 반갑슴돠 (bang-gap-seum-dwa)

Example 2:

• 합니다 (ham-ni-da) -> to do (formal and polite form)
• Gary’s way of saying would be sort of removing the “니(ni)” and stressing on the 다 (da) , which gives you 함돠 (ham-dwa)

Example 3:

• 입나다 (im-ni-da) -> am/is
• Gary’s way of introducing himself would be, 난 개리임돠 (nan-gae-ri-im-dwa) -> I’m Gary.

Now you try:

1. 있습니다 (iss-seum-ni-da) -> is/to have/to exist
2. 사랑합니다 (sa-rang-ham-ni-da) -> to love
3. 내 이름은 ___ 입니다 (nae-i-reum-eun-“fill in your name”-im-ni-da) -> my name is ___

That marks the end of Lesson 9. Please feel free to ask me any questions if you don’t understand.

Lesson 8 with Kasey (Writing/Reading Hangul)

안녕하세요 여러분! 잘 지냈어요? I believe by this lesson, you should be able to read these 2 sentences although some of you may not know what it means. Well, its okay, because i’ll explain it to you towards the end of the lesson.

Today we’re going to continue looking at some of the sound shifts as well as some other pronunciation rule. If you’ve been following me through ever since lesson 1, you should have noticed that i taught a little bit regarding sound shift in lesson 6. 

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Sound Shift: (This only applies if there is a Final Consonant in a word. There will not be any sound shifts if there are no Final Consonants.)

Previously, we looked at 먹어요 (meok-eo-yo) [pronounced as: meo-geo-yo] -> which means to eat. Noticed that “ㄱ(k)” shifted to the next syllable and became “ㄱ(g)” instead.

Recap of lesson 6: If there is a Final Consonant in the first syllable that is followed by a ”ㅇ” in the next syllable, the sound will be shifted over to the next syllable.

In this lesson, we’ll be looking at sound shifts for words that ends with a Double Final Consonants. 

Example 1:

• 있어요 (iss-eo-yo) [pronounced as: is-seo-yo] -> is/have/exist
• In this word, the Double Final Consonant is “ㅆ(ss)” and it is followed by “어(eo)” which begins with “ㅇ”.
• Hence, the last “ㅅ(s)” is shifted over to make pronunciation “is-seo-yo”.

Example 2:

• 없어요 (eobs-eo-yo) [pronounced as: eob-seo-yo] -> is not/don’t have/don’t exist
• In this word, the Double Final Consonant is “ㅄ (bs)” and it is also followed by “어(eo)” which begins with “ㅇ”.
• Hence, the “ㅅ(s)” is shifted over to make pronunciation “eob-seo-yo”.

Example 3: 

• 앉아요 (anj-a-yo) [pronounced as: an-ja-yo] -> to sit
• In this word, the Double Final Consonant is “ㄵ (nj)” and it is also followed by “아(a)” which begins with “ㅇ”.
• Hence, the “ㅈ(j)” is shifted over to make pronunciation “an-ja-yo”.

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Pronunciation Rule: Follow the Consonant order! (Refer to lesson 5)

Words with Double Final Consonants are, sometimes, pronounced differently.

Example 1:

• 앉습니다 (anj-seup-ni-da) [pronounced as: an-seum-ni-da] -> to sit 
• In this word, the Double Final Consonant is “ㄵ(nj)”. We pronounced it as “an-seum-ni-da” because according to the order of Consonants, “ㄴ(n)” comes before “ㅈ(j)”.
• Hence ”ㅈ(j)” became silent in this case.

Example 2:

• 읽습니다 (ilk-suep-ni-da) [pronounced as: ik-seum-ni-da] -> to read
• In this word, the Double Final Consonant is “ㄺ(lk)”. 
• EVEN THOUGH ”ㄹ(r/l)” comes before ”ㄱ(g/k)” in the word itself, we pronounced it as “ik-seum-ni-da”. 
• This is because according to the order of Consonants, “ㄱ(g/k)” comes before “ㄹ(r/l)”.
• Hence ”ㄹ(r/l)” became silent in this case.

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Daily/Common Phrases:

How have you been/How are you/Have you been well?: 

1) 잘 지냈어요? (jal-ji-naet-sseo-yo?)

• 잘 (jal) -> well
• 잘 지내셨습니까? (jal-ji-naet-ssyeot-seum-ni-kka?) -> How are you? (very formal and very polite form, past tense)
• 잘 지냈습니까? (jal-ji-naet-seum-ni-kka?) -> How are you? (formal and polite form, past tense)
• 잘 지내셨어요? (jal-ji-naet-ssyeot-sseo-yo?) -> How are you? (informal and very polite form, past tense)
• 잘 지냈어요? (jal-ji-naet-sseo-yo?) (informal and polite form, past tense)

2) 안녕하셨습니까? (an-nyeong-ha-ssyeot-seum-ni-kka?) (very formal and very polite form, past tense)

*this is preferably used when you’re speaking to someone of a higher authority and when you want to be extremely polite.

It’s been a while/Been a long time/Long time no see: 오랜만이에요 (o-raen-man-i-ae-yo)

*The first one is usually used when talking to your friend or to a person who’s of the same age/younger than you while the second one may be used when speaking to people of a higher authority.

• 오랜만이다 (o-raen-man-i-da) (dictionary form) 
• 오랜만이에요 (o-raen-man-i-ae-yo) (informal, polite form, present tense) 

Welcome: 환영합니다 (hwan-yeong-ham-ni-da)

*usually the 1st, 3rd and 4th one will not be used. It is because when we welcome someone, we usually want to be really polite and formal.

• 환영하다 (hwan-yeong-ha-da) -> to welcome (dictionary form)
• 환영합니다 (hwan-yeong-ham-ni-da) -> welcome (formal and polite form)
• 환영해요 (hwan-yeong-hae-yo) -> welcome (informal and polite form, present tense)
• 환영했어요 (hwan-yeong-haet-sseo-yo) -> was welcomed (informal and polite form, past tense)

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Vocabularies of the lesson:

1. 소 (so) -> cow
2. 우유 (u-yu) -> milk
3. 오리 (o-ri) -> duck
4. 아이 (a-i) -> child
5. 오이 (o-i) -> cucumber
6. 바다 (ba-da) -> sea

That marks the end of Lesson 8. Please feel free to ask me any questions if you don’t understand.

Lesson 7 with Kasey (Writing/Reading Hangul)

Hello, it’s me again! It’s been a looooong time! Sorry i was busy with my stuff. Today we’re gonna look at all the double consonants as well as compound vowels. We’re also gonna look at how to ask and answer a question.

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Double Consonants: (If you noticed, they are just a double version of ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅈ, ㅂ, ㅅ.)

*Remember the names of the consonants in Lesson 5? Just add in the word “쌍(Ssang)” in-front of the names.

For example, ㄱ= 기역(“gi-yeok”), ㄲ would be 쌍 기역(“Ssang-gi-yeok”). The word “쌍(Ssang)” means double.

• ㄲ (“gg/kk” sound)
• ㄸ (“dd/tt” sound)
• ㅉ (“jj” sound)
• ㅃ (“bb/pp” sound)
• ㅆ (“ss” sound)

Compound Vowels:

*Remember that we’ve learnt that all consonants should come in front of vowels? [C + V = Word]. Hence all of these compound vowels must be accompanied by a Consonant in order to be written correctly.

For example, using the Consonant “ㅇ(ieung)” which is silent in front. ㅇ + ㅘ = 와 (“wa” sound). In this case, 와 can be used to express one’s surprise. This is somewhat similar to “wow” in English.

• ㅘ (“wa” sound)
• ㅙ (“wae” sound)
• ㅚ (“wae” sound but shorter)
• ㅝ (“weo” sound)
• ㅞ (“wae” sound as in “wai” in the word “wait”)
• ㅟ (“wi” sound)
• ㅢ (“eui” sound)

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Daily/Common Phrases:

A) Asking questions: (Formal and polite form)

*Remember in Lesson 6, i mentioned that ㅂ(p) + ㄴ(n) = ㅁ(m) ?

1. ㅂ + 니까? -> Used for words ending with Vowels
2. 습니까? (seum-ni-kka?) -> Used for words ending with Consonants

Example 1: (using Vowel)

• 갑니까? (kam-ni-kka?) -> I/he/she/we/you go?

Example 2: (Using Consonant)

• 먹습니까? (meok-seum-ni-kka?) -> Do you eat? 

B) Answering questions: (Formal and polite form)

1. ㅂ + 니다 -> Used for words ending with Vowels
2. 습니다 (seum-ni-da) -> Used for words ending with Consonants

Example 1: (using Vowel)

• 갑니다 (gam-ni-da) -> I/we/you go

Example 2: (using Consonants)

• 먹습니다 (meok-seum-ni-da) -> I/he/she/we/you eat

C) Asking questions with “Is/Are”: (Formal and polite form)

1. 입니까? (im-ni-kka?)

Example 1:

• 학생입니까? (hak-saeng-im-ni-kka?) -> Are you a student?

D) Answering questions with “Am/Is/Are”: (Formal and polite form)

1. 입니다 (im-ni-da)
2. 아닙니다 (a-nim-ni-da) -> Negative form (No)

Example 1: 

• 학생입니다 (hak-saeng-im-ni-da) -> I/he/she/we/you are a student

Example 2: (using Negative form)

• 학생아닙니다 (hak-saeng-a-nim-ni-da) -> I/he/she/we/you are not a student

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Vocabularies of the lesson:

1. 사람 (sa-ram) -> people
2. 외국 (wae-guk) -> overseas
3. 나무 (na-mu) -> trees
4. 가수 (ga-su) -> singer
5. 비빔밥 (bi-bim-bap) -> Korean mixed rice

That marks the end of Lesson 7. Please feel free to ask me any questions if you don’t understand.

Notice

Dearest dearest followers!

My sincere apologies that i’ll be ALMOST on hiatus for this week until next Monday as i’m rushing my final assignment. ):

I’ll be back to post more updates as well as Korean lessons, I PROMISE!

In the meantime, i’ll only be doing reblogs from other tumblrs whenever time permits! 

Lovelove,

Kasey!

Lesson 6 with Kasey (Writing/Reading Hangul)

Today we’re also going to learn some pronunciation, “sound shift” as well as “different sounds”. This might be quite confusing for some of you. So, please feel free to ask me questions and i’ll try to answer them. ;D

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Sound Shift: (This only applies if there is a Final Consonant in a word. There will not be any sound shift if there are no Final Consonants.)

1) If there is a Final Consonant in the first syllable that is followed by a “ㅇ” in the next syllable, the sound will be shifted over to the next syllable.

Example 1:

• 먹어요 (meok-eo-yo) [pronounced as: meo-geo-yo] -> which means to eat
• In this word, the Final Consonant in the first syllable 먹(meok) is “ㄱ(g/k)” and it is followed by 어(eo) which begins with the letter ”ㅇ”. 
• Hence, notice in the pronunciation, that the “ㄱ(k)” is shifted to the next syllable and it became “ㄱ(g)” instead.

Example 2: 

• 할아버지 (hal-a-beo-ji) [pronounced as: ha-ra-beo-ji] -> which means Grandfather
• In this word, the Final Consonant in the first syllable 할(hal) is “ㄹ(r/l)” and it is followed by 아 (a) which begins with the letter ”ㅇ”.
• Hence, notice in the pronunciation, that the ”ㄹ(l)” is shifted to the next syllable and it became “ㄹ(r)” instead.

** [if you have forgotten about the pronunciation of the consonants placed in front/at the back, please refer to lesson 5, under “names of consonant”.]

2) If your Final Consonant is a “ㅇ”, there will be NO sound shifts even though the next syllable begins with “ㅇ”, as it is weird to begin a word with a “ng” sound.

Example 1:

• 강아지 (gang-a-ji) [still pronounced as: gang-a-ji] -> which means puppy
• Notice that the first syllable, 강(gang) ends with “ㅇ” and even though the next syllable is “아 (a)” which begins with the letter ”ㅇ”, there is NO sound shift done.

3) ”ㅎ” as the Final Consonant will become silent when followed by “ㅇ” in the next syllable.

Example 1:

• 좋아해요 (jot-a—hae-yo) [pronounced as: jo-a-hae-yo] ->  which means “i like”
• In this word, 좋(jot) ends with ”ㅎ(t)” and it is followed by ”아 (a)” which begins with the letter ”ㅇ”. However, notice in the pronunciation, instead of having the “t” sound, “ㅎ” became silent.

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Different Sounds: (*Note: this rule does not apply to ALL final consonants)

1) If a consonant in the final position and it is not followed by “ㅇ” (meaning it is followed by other consonants), then it may have a different pronunciation.

Today we’re only going to learn one kind of different sound: ㅂ(p) + ㄴ(n) = ㅁ(m) (Most common example)

Example 1: 

• 사랑합니다 (sa-rang-hap-ni-da) [pronounced as: sa-rang-ham-ni-da] -> I love you
• Notice in the pronunciation, that when the ”ㅂ(p)” in the syllable 합 meets the “ㄴ(n)” in the syllable 니, it changes from the ”ㅂ(p)” sound to the “m” sound.
• Which is why you read the word as “sa-rang-ham-ni-da” instead of “sa-rang-hap-ni-da”.

Example 2:

• 미안합니다 (mi-an-hap-ni-da) [pronounced as: mi-an-ham-ni-da] -> I’m sorry
• Notice in the pronunciation, that when the ”ㅂ(p)” in the syllable 합 meets the “ㄴ(n)” in the syllable 니, it changes from the ”ㅂ(p)” sound to the “m” sound.
• Which is why you read the word as “mi-an-ham-ni-da” instead of “mi-an-hap-ni-da”.

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Daily/Common Phrases:

**From this lesson onwards, i will not write the proper romanization for ㅂ(p) + ㄴ(n) = ㅁ(m). Instead, i’ll just replace all “p” sounds from ”ㅂ(b/p)” with ㅁ(m).

Do (something):

• 하다 (ha-da) -> to do (dictionary form)
• 합니다 (ham-ni-da) -> do (formal and polite form)
• 해요 (hae-yo) -> do (informal and polite form, present tense)
• 했어요 (haet-sseo-yo) -> did (informal and polite form, past tense)

*notice that many of the Korean vocabs consist of “합니다 (ham-ni-da)” at the back? It is because most of the nouns are easily changed to verbs by just adding “합니다 (ham-ni-da)”. Not all words can be changed of course.

• For example, 사랑(sa-rang) is love. with ”합니다 (ham-ni-da)”, it becomes, 사랑합니다 (sa-rang-hap-ni-da) which means i love you.

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Vocabularies of the lesson:

1. 나/저 (na/jeo) -> I/me
2. 당신 (dang-sin) -> You (polite and recommended)
3. 너 (neo) -> You (less polite, not recommended when speaking with strangers/people of higher authority)
4. 그 (geu) -> He/That
5. 그녀 (geu-nyeo) -> She
6. 그들 (geu-deul) -> They
7. 그것 (geu-geot) -> It

That marks the end of Lesson 6. Please feel free to ask me any questions if you don’t understand.

Lesson 5 with Kasey (Writing/Reading Hangul)

Today we’re not going to look at any new consonants/double consonants/vowels/compound vowels. Instead, we’re going to learn 1 basic pronunciation, “final consonants” and the names of the consonants that we’ve learnt previously.

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Basic Pronunciation:

1) Remember in the previous lessons, we learn about the consonant “ㅅ(s)”? When “ㅅ(s)” is combined with the vowels “ㅣ(i)”, “ㅕ(yeo)”, “ㅑ(ya)”, “ㅠ(yu)”, “ㅛ(yo)” it is pronounced like as “sh” sound.

• For example, ㅅ(s) + ㅛ(yo) = 쇼(syo). However, it’s pronounced as “shyo”. If you look it up online, this word is a borrowed English word which means, “show”. In this instance, 쇼(shyo) can be used when writing, “TV 쇼” (TV Show).

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Final Consonants:

*If you recall, i stated that when we’re writing in Korean, a minimum of 2 letters are needed.

*We have also learnt that all consonants should come in front of vowels. [C + V = Word]

• Now, i’m going to teach you words with 3 letters.
• Words with 3 letters should come in this format, [C + V + C = Word]
• Using an example from the previous vocab that we’ve learnt, Grandmother -> 할머니 (hal-meo-ni). In this case, “ㄹ(r/l)” in “할” is called the Final Consonant.
• Another example would be, Younger Brother -> 남동생 (nam-dong-saeng). In this case, all three syllabus consist of Final Consonant. “ㅁ(m)” in “남” and “ㅇ(-/ng)” in “동” and “생”.

Practice: (Now you try to spot the Final Consonants from the words below)

1. Auntie -> 아줌마 (a-jum-ma)
2. Teacher -> 선생님 (seon-saeng-nim)
3. Student -> 학생 (hak-saeng)
4. Fruits -> 과일 (gua-il)
5. Food -> 음식 (eum-sik)

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Names & Order of Consonants:

ㄱ(g/k) - 기역(“gi-yeok”)

ㄴ(n) - 니은 (“ni-eun”)

ㄷ(d/t) - 디귿 (“di-geut”)

ㄹ(r/l) - 리을 (“ri-eul”)

ㅁ(m) - 미음 (“mi-eum”)

ㅂ(b/p) - 비읍 (“bi-eup”)

ㅅ(s/t) - 시옷 (“si-ot”)

ㅇ(silent/ng) - 이응 (“i-eung”)

ㅈ(j/t) - 지읒 (“ji-eut”)

ㅊ(ch/t) - 치읓 (“chi-eut”)

ㅋ(k) - 키읔 (“ki-euk”)

ㅌ(t) - 티읕 (“ti-eut”)

ㅍ(p) - 피읖 (“pi-eup”)

ㅎ(h/t/silent) - 히읗 (“hi-eut”)

1) As you can see they begin and end with the same letter, however you may notice most of the sounds at the beginning and end are different (look at the alphabets that are in bold).

2) The letters that are bold in front represents the sound made when these letters are placed in front of a word and likewise, the letters that are bold at the back represents the sound made when these letters are placed at the back of a word.

• For example, 치읓 (“chi-eut”). “ㅊ” makes the “ch” sound when it is in front, but it makes the “t” sound when it is at the back.
• Another example would be, 이응 (“i-eung”). Remember that “ㅇ” is always silent when placed in front, however, it makes the “ng” sound when it is at the back.

3) You will also notice that even though some of the last syllables end in a different letter, they make the same sound as other letters.

• For example, 디귿 (“di-geut”) and 시옷 (“si-ot”), if you look at their Final Consonants, they are of different letters but they make the same sound of “t”.

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Daily/Common Phrases:

Excuse me: 

1) 저기요 (jeo-gi-yo)

* this is used when you want to get someone’s attention to let them know something OR when you want to call the waiter in a restaurant/cafe to order something.

• 저기 (jeo-gi) -> there/excuse me

2) 실례합니다 (sil-rye-hap-ni-da) [pronounced as: sil-lae-ham-ni-da]

* even though this is the proper way to say excuse me (for passing through), it is used very uncommonly.

• 실례하다 (sil-rye-ha-da) [pronounced as: sil-lae-ha-da] -> to excuse (dictionary form)
• 실례합니다 (sil-rye-hap-ni-da) [pronounced as: sil-lae-ham-ni-da] -> excuse me (formal and polite form)
• 실례해요 (sil-rye-hae-yo) [pronounced as: sil-lae-hae-yo] -> excuse me (informal and polite form, present tense)
• 실례했어요 (sil-rye-haet-sseo-yo) [pronounced as: sil-lae-haet-sseo-yo] -> was excused (informal and polite, past tense)

3) 잠시만요 (jam-si-man-yo)/ 잠깐만요 (jam-ggan-man-yo) [pronounced as jam-gga-man-yo]

* this is commonly used when you want to pass through.

* the literal meaning of these 2 words is actually, “just a moment/second”

* you may also use 죄송합니다 (joe-song-hap-ni-da) [pronounced as: joe-song-ham-ni-da], which literally means, “I’m sorry”.

• 만 (man) -> only
• 잠시 (jam-si)/ 잠깐 (jam-ggan) -> a moment/second/while/hold/briefly

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Vocabularies of the lesson:

1. 여자 (yeo-ja) -> woman/girl/female
2. 남자 (nam-ja) -> man/guy/boy/male
3. 친구 (chin-gu) [pronounced as: ching-gu] -> friend
4. 여자친구 (yeo-ja-chin-gu) [pronounced as: yeo-ja-ching-gu] -> girlfriend
5. 남자친구 (nam-ja-chin-gu) [pronounced as: nam-ja-ching-gu] -> boyfriend

That marks the end of Lesson 5. Please feel free to ask me any questions if you don’t understand.

Lesson 4 with Kasey (Writing/Reading Hangul)

Today we’re going to learn about the 5 aspirated consonants and 2 other compound vowels. Aspirated consonants are consonants which are derived from basic consonants like (ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅈ). When we pronounced these consonants, we normally let out a stronger burst of air (give a little more force).

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Aspirated Consonants:

• ㅎ (“h” sound)
• ㅊ (“ch” sound)
• ㅍ (“p” sound)
• ㅌ (“t” sound)
• ㅋ (“k” sound)

Compound Vowels:

• ㅒ (“yae” sound)
• ㅖ (“ye” sound)

Combination:

• I’ll not do combination for these 2 compound vowels as they would not make sense and by this lesson, we should already be able to combine “consonants” and “vowels” together by now.

Recap on consonant, “ㅇ” : (Writing Hangul)

1. Remember that i said, any consonant/vowel cannot survive on their own (meaning they have to be paired up to make a sound)?
2. The “ㅇ” consonant is silent when placed in front, and “ng” sound when placed at the back
3. The “ㅇ” consonant acts as a placeholder since vowels cannot be written by themselves

• Example 1: Using the vowel “ㅏ(a)”. As ㅏ cannot be written alone, the “ㅇ” consonant is added. Hence, forming the Hangul “아” which is still pronounced as “a”.
• Example 2: Using the compound vowel “ㅒ(yae)”. As ㅒ cannot be written alone, the “ㅇ” consonant is added. Hence, forming the Hangul “얘” which is still pronounced as “yae”.

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Daily/Common Phrases:

Nice to meet you: 만나서 반갑습니다 (man-na-seo-ban-gap-seup-ni-da) [pronounced as: man-na-seo-bang-gap-seum-ni-da]

• 만나다 (man-na-da) -> to meet (dictionary form)
• 만납니다 (man-nap-ni-da) [pronounced as: man-nam-ni-da] -> to meet (formal and polite form)
• 만나요 (man-na-yo) -> to meet (informal and polite form, present tense)
• 만났어요 (man-nat-sseo-yo) -> met (informal and polite form, past tense)
• 반갑다 (ban-gap-da) [pronounced as: bang-gap-da] -> nice/good/glad to see/meet you (dictionary form)
• 반갑습니다 (ban-gap-seup-ni-da) [pronounced as: bang-gap-seum-ni-da] -> nice/good/glad to see/meet you (formal and polite form)
• 반가워요 (ban-ga-weo-yo) [pronounced as: bang-ga-wo-yo] -> nice/good/glad to see/meet you (informal and polite form, present tense)
• 반가웠어요 (ban-ga-weot-sseo-yo) [pronounced as: bang-ga-wot-sseo-yo] -> was nice/good/glad to see/meet you (informal and polite form, past tense)

Apologising (I’m sorry):

1) 죄송합니다 (joe-song-hap-ni-da) [pronounced as: joe-song-ham-ni-da]

*this is the most polite way of apologising, hence, used when expressing one’s apology to people who’re older/higher authority.

• 죄송하다 (joe-song-ha-da) -> to be sorry (dictionary form)
• 죄송합니다 (joe-song-hap-ni-da) [pronounced as: joe-song-ham-ni-da] -> I’m sorry (formal and polite form)
• 죄송해요 (joe-song-hae-yo) -> I’m sorry (informal and polite form, present tense)
• 죄송했어요 (joe-song-haet-sseo-yo) -> I was sorry (informal and polite form, past tense) **this is seldom used.

2) 미안합니다 (mi-an-hap-ni-da) [pronounced as: mi-an-ham-ni-da]

* this is used when apologising to a person of the same age or younger.

• 미안하다 (mi-an-ha-da) [pronounced as: mi-a-na-da]-> to be sorry (dictionary form)
• 미안합니다 (mi-an-hap-ni-da) [pronounced as: mi-an-ham-ni-da] -> I’m sorry (formal and polite form)
• 미안해요 (mi-an-hae-yo) [pronounced as: mi-a-nae-yo] -> I’m sorry (informal and polite form, present tense)
• 미안했어요 (mi-an-haet-sseo-yo) -> I was sorry (informal and polite form, past tense) **this is seldom used.

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Vocabularies of the lesson:

1. Grandmother -> 할머니 (hal-meo-ni) 
2. Grandfather -> 할아버지 (hal-a-beo-ji)
3. Uncle (not your real uncle) -> 아저씨 (a-jeo-ssi)
4. Auntie (not your real aunt) -> 아줌마 (a-jum-ma)

*아저씨 (a-jeo-ssi) and 아줌마 (a-jum-ma) are called based on approximately +30 of your own age. For example, if you’re 10 years old and they’re 40 years old. However, they don’t usually like being called 아저씨 (a-jeo-ssi) or 아줌마 (a-jum-ma). I guess it’s the same with us being called “uncle” or “auntie” by others. Therefore, you have to be very careful when addressing even strangers.

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*When writing in Korean, a minimum of 2 letters are needed.

*Noticed that all consonants should come in front of vowels. For example, in this format [C + V = Word]

*Also, Korean words are written from left-to-right and top-to-bottom in block-like (squares) forms.

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That marks the end of Lesson 4. Please feel free to ask me any questions if you don’t understand.